Polysaccharides are not only the main components in the cell walls of plants and fungi, but
also a structure that supports and protects cells. In the process of obtaining polysaccharides …

Bolus vaccines are often administered multiple times due to rapid clearance and reduced
transportation to draining lymph nodes resulting in inadequate activation of T and B …

There are a plethora of antibiotic resistance cases and humans are marching towards
another big survival test of evolution along with drastic climate change and infectious …

The mannose receptor (MR, CD 206) is an endocytic receptor primarily expressed by
macrophages and dendritic cells, which plays a critical role in both endocytosis and antigen …

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for all cases of cervical cancer. While
prophylactic vaccines are available, the development of peptide-based vaccines as a …

Background The implementation of pyroptosis exhibits significant potential as a tactic to
enhance tumor immune microenvironments. Previous applications of pyroptosis inducers …

Adjuvanticity and delivery are crucial facets of mRNA vaccine design. In modern mRNA
vaccines, adjuvant functions are integrated into mRNA vaccine nanoparticles, allowing the …

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a class of therapeutics targeting mRNAs or genes
that have attracted much attention. However, effective delivery and optimal accumulation in …

Intranasal vaccine administration can overcome the disadvantages of injectable vaccines
and present greater efficiency for mass immunization. However, the development of …

In the pursuit of achieving better therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of HIV, innovative
drug delivery strategies have been extensively explored. Mannose receptors, which are …