Introduction Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to play a critical role in ageing and
chronic disease development and could therefore represent important targets for developing …

The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO),
ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Luteolin (3′, 4′, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) has
been identified as commonly present in plants. Plants with a high luteolin content have been …

Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical
and sub‐tropical regions of China, India, South‐Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular …

Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on
health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in …

Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid that widely exists in edible fruits and vegetables, and
medicinal plants. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities …

Cellular oxidation–reduction (redox) systems, which encompass pro‐and antioxidant
molecules, are integral components of a plethora of essential cellular processes. Any …

Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β
(TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α …

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture with luminal thrombosis is the most common mechanism
responsible for the majority of acute coronary syndromes and sudden coronary death. The …

Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death
globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart …