Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have an outstanding position in pharmaceutical, biological, and
medical disciplines. Polymeric NPs based on chitosan (CS) can act as excellent drug …

Adjuvant is an essential component in subunit vaccines. Many agonists of pathogen
recognition receptors have been developed as potent adjuvants to optimize the …

Pickering emulsions, which are emulsions stabilized by solid particles, have gained
increased research interest owing to their eco-friendliness and high stability. Among a wide …

Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which, after
cellulose, is the second biopolymer most abundant in nature, being the primary component …

Carbohydrate polymers with unique chemical composition, molecular weight and functional
chemical groups show multiple potentials in drug delivery. Most carbohydrate polymers such …

Hydrogels have emerged as a versatile platform for a numerous biomedical application due
to their ability to absorb a huge quantity of biofluids. In order to design hydrogels, natural …

Chitosan is an abundant organic polysaccharide, which can be relatively easily obtained by
chemical modification of animal or fungal source materials. Chitosan and its derivatives …

Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their
convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials …

Issues caused by maxillofacial tumours involve not only dealing with tumours but also
repairing jaw bone defects. In traditional tumour therapy, the systemic toxicity of …