Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles with an important role in
intercellular communication, even across brain barriers. The bidirectional brain-barrier …

Zinc, an essential micronutrient for life, was first discovered in 1869 and later found to be
indispensable for the normal development of plants and for the normal growth of rats and …

Background Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis,
is reported to initiate Alzheimer's disease pathologies in preclinical studies. However, the …

Despite a clear correlation between the infiltration of periodontal pathogens in the brain and
cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the precise mechanism underlying bacteria …

The prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is on the rise as the population
ages. The presence of various obstacles, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), poses a …

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies
demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the …

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontal pathogens in
subgingival plaque and is associated with systemic inflammatory diseases. Extracellular …

Background: The effects of the key pathogens and virulence factors associated with gum
disease such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) on the central nervous system is of …

The human gut microbiota is a complex, dynamic, and highly diverse community of
microorganisms. Beginning as early as in utero fetal development and continuing through …

In our continuing examination of the role of exposomes in autoimmune disease, we use this
review to focus on pathogens. Infections are major contributors to the pathophysiology of …