Memory is essential in defining our identity by guiding behavior based on past experiences.
However, aging leads to declining memory, disrupting older adult's lives. Memories are …

Optogenetic modulation of brain neural activity that combines optical and electrical modes in
a unitary neural system has recently gained robust momentum. Controlling illumination …

The electric excitability of muscle, heart, and brain tissue relies on the precise interplay of
Na+-and K+-selective ion channels. The involved ion fluxes are controlled in optogenetic …

Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo.
Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via …

Remote and genetically targeted neuromodulation in the deep brain is important for
understanding and treatment of neurological diseases. Ultrasound-triggered …

In vitro models are essential to a broad range of biomedical research, such as pathological
studies, drug development, and personalized medicine. As a potentially transformative …

Kalium channelrhodopsin 1 from Hyphochytrium catenoides (Hc KCR1) is a light-gated
channel used for optogenetic silencing of mammalian neurons. It selects K+ over Na+ in the …

Two-photon voltage imaging has long been heralded as a transformative approach capable
of answering many long-standing questions in modern neuroscience. However, exploiting …

KCR channelrhodopsins (K+-selective light-gated ion channels) have received attention as
potential inhibitory optogenetic tools but more broadly pose a fundamental mystery …

Building on current explorations in chronic optical neural interfaces, it is essential to address
the risk of photothermal damage in traditional optogenetics. By focusing on calcium …