Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated
circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has …

Fibrosis, or tissue scarring, develops as a pathological deviation from the physiological
wound healing response and can occur in various organs such as the heart, lung, liver …

Myocardial infarction (MI), as a result of thrombosis or vascular occlusion, is the most
prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among all cardiovascular diseases. The …

Inflammation and fibrosis are intertwined mechanisms fundamentally involved in heart
failure. Detailed deciphering gene expression perturbations and cell–cell interactions of …

Elevated cardiovascular risk including stroke, heart failure, and heart attack is present even
after normalization of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Underlying immune cell …

Background: Inflammation is a key component of cardiac disease, with macrophages and T
lymphocytes mediating essential roles in the progression to heart failure. Nonetheless, little …

Fibrosis is the extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue, and it is characterized by
the accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Fibrosis is …

Background: A systemic proinflammatory state has been hypothesized to mediate the
association between comorbidities and abnormal cardiac structure/function in heart failure …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a widespread syndrome with limited
therapeutic options and poorly understood immune pathophysiology. Using a 2-hit …