Small RNAs (sRNAs) of the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea can enter plant cells and hijack
host Argonaute protein 1 (AGO1) to silence host immunity genes. However, the mechanism …

Extracellular RNAs are an emerging research topic in fungal-plant interactions. Fungal plant
pathogens and symbionts release small RNAs that enter host cells to manipulate plant …

Rice blast, the most destructive disease of cultivated rice world‐wide, is caused by the
filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. To cause disease in plants, M. oryzae secretes a …

Phytoalexin sakuranetin functions in resistance against rice blast. However, the mechanisms
underlying the effects of sakuranetin remains elusive. Here, we report that rice lines …

The effector repertoire of a pathogen is dynamically evolving. However, the effector
translocation mechanism, partly elucidated recently, may be conserved. By targeting the …

Recent findings demonstrate that cytoplasmic effectors from fungal and oomycete pathogens
enter plant cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). This raises several questions …

Filamentous plant pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, cause some of the most
devastating plant diseases. These organisms serve as ideal models for understanding the …

Genome editing is a transformational technology–by precisely altering the coding or
regulatory sequence of a specific gene, it is now possible to change specific traits within a …

Ustilago maydis causes common smut in maize, which is characterized by tumor formation
in aerial parts of maize. Tumors result from the de novo cell division of highly developed …

Cytoplasmic effectors with an Arg-any amino acid-Arg-Leu (RxLR) motif are encoded by
hundreds of genes within the genomes of oomycete Phytophthora spp. and downy mildew …