Purpose. This article examines and illustrates the use and interpretation of the kappa
statistic in musculoskeletal research. Summary of Key Points. The reliability of clinicians' …

Periodontal research typically relies on clinical examiners to assess variables such as
gingival inflammation, plaque scores or probing depths as a means of determining treatment …

Objective Results of reliability and agreement studies are intended to provide information
about the amount of error inherent in any diagnosis, score, or measurement. The level of …

Objective To develop an instrument to evaluate the credibility of anchor based minimal
important differences (MIDs) for outcome measures reported by patients, and to assess the …

The number of subjects required to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient in a
reliability study has usually been determined on the basis of the expected width of a …

The Fleiss' kappa statistic is a well-known index for assessing the reliability of agreement
between raters. It is used both in the psychological and in the psychiatric field. Unfortunately …

Understanding, Evaluating, and Conducting Second Language Writing Research speaks to
the rapidly growing area of second language writing by providing a uniquely balanced …

A new method of scoring dental microscopic use wear, initially developed for and applied to
extant and extinct ungulates, is here applied to primates, and the efficacy of the method as a …

The purpose of this study was to describe the shape and measure the size of the sella
turcica in Saudi subjects with different skeletal types. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of …

Statistical evaluation of diagnostic performance in general and Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) analysis in particular are important for assessing the performance of …