The incorporation of nanotechnology as a means for nanopesticides is in the early stage of
development. The main idea behind this incorporation is to lower the indiscriminate use of …

Contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and pesticides can cause
direct toxic effects when released into aquatic environments. Sensitive species may be …

With the release of the landmark report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a
Strategy, the US National Academy of Sciences, in 2007, precipitated a major change in the …

The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) has been used for the safety assessment of
packaging migrants and flavouring agents that occur in food. The approach compares the …

Phthalate diesters are chemicals to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. Exposure to
certain phthalates during sexual differentiation causes reproductive tract malformations in …

In contrast to the general research attitude in the basic sciences, environmental sciences are
often goal-driven and should provide the scientific basis for risk assessment procedures …

Abstract" Long established as the gold standard in the field, Casarett & Doull's Toxicology
equips you with an unsurpassed understanding of modern toxicology, including the …

Procedures for risk assessment of chemical mixtures, combined and cumulative exposures
are under development, but the scientific database needs considerable expansion. In …

Hazard characterisation of low molecular weight chemicals in food and diet generally use a
no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) or a benchmark dose as the starting point. For …

Environmental mixtures of chemicals constitute a prevalent issue in ecotoxicology and the
development of new methods to reduce the uncertainties associated with their ecological …