This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

IMPLICATIONS: Many trials assessing the benefits of intraperitoneal local anesthetics in
laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been performed. This systematic review and meta …

Pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an issue of great practical importance.
Pain after LC has several origins: incisional, local visceral, peritoneal, and referred. Several …

Background Different regional anesthesia (RA) techniques have been used for laparoscopic
cholecystectomy (LC), but there is no consensus on their comparative effectiveness. Our …

Morbidly obese patients due to high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are
predisposed to opioid induced airway obstruction and thus frontline high ceiling analgesics …

Background/purpose With the advent of minimally invasive gallbladder surgery, and now
with natural orifice techniques emerging, visceral nociception has been neglected as a …

Methods: A total of 120 patients were included in this prospective, double-blind, randomised
study. Patients were randomly divided into three equal sized (n= 40) study groups. Patients …

Background While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally considered less painful than
open surgery, pain is one of the important reasons for delayed discharge after day‐surgery …

Background This study aimed to evaluate the optimal timing of preemptive analgesia with
bupivacaine peritoneal instillation in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo …

Local anaesthetics (LA) are increasingly being used intraoperatively for the prevention of
postoperative pain. The efficacy of local anaesthetic infiltration into incision sites has only …