In the past decade, gold nanoparticles have attracted strong interest from the
nanobiotechnological community owing to the significant progress made in robust and easy …

Introduction Vaccination remains very effective in stimulating protective immune responses
against infections. An important task in antibody and vaccine preparation is to choose an …

Molecules that can specifically silence gene expression are powerful research tools. Much
effort has been put into the development of such molecules and has resulted in the creation …

In the past decade, mammalian cells have increasingly encountered gold nanoparticles
(GNPs), owing to the active development of nanomedicine. 1− 3 GNPs have been more and …

RNA interference (RNAi) has become the method of choice to suppress gene expression in
vitro. It is also emerging as a powerful tool for in vivo research with over 90 studies …

Because vaccine development is a difficult process, this study reviews aspects of phages as
vaccine delivery vehicles through a literature search. The results demonstrated that because …

An abundance of literature over the past several years indicates a growing interest in the
role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in normal physiology and in disease pathology …

CpG‐rich oligonucleotides (CpG‐ODN) bind to Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are used as
powerful adjuvants for vaccination. Here we report that CpG‐ODN not only act as immune …

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are advantageous as an adjuvant in the design of effective
vaccines and in the preparation of high-affinity antibodies to haptens and complete antigens …

Stabilized synthetic RNA oligonucleotides (ORN) and protected messenger RNA (mRNA)
were recently discovered to possess an immunostimulatory capacity through their …