Current immunotherapies yield remarkable clinical outcomes by boosting the power of host
immunity in cancer cell elimination and viral clearance. However, after prolonged antigen …

The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) has been known for decades as a hub for
generating cellular energy and precursors for biosynthetic pathways. Several cancers …

Profound metabolic changes are characteristic of macrophages during classical activation
and have been implicated in this phenotype. Here we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) …

Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that are integral in
stress sensing to allow for cellular adaptation to the environment. Therefore, it is not …

Tumorigenesis is dependent on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism as both direct
and indirect consequence of oncogenic mutations. A common feature of cancer cell …

Following activation, macrophages undergo extensive metabolic rewiring,. Production of
itaconate through the inducible enzyme IRG1 is a key hallmark of this process. Itaconate …

Dysregulated extravillous trophoblast invasion and proliferation are known to increase the
risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, the underlying mechanism remains …

Mutations of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase cause hereditary
leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer. Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cancers are …

The ability of tumor cells to adapt to changes in oxygen tension is essential for tumor
development. Low oxygen concentration influences cellular metabolism and, thus, affects …

In contrast to terminally differentiated cells, cancer cells and stem cells retain the ability to re-
enter the cell cycle and proliferate. To proliferate, cells must increase their uptake and …