CD4 effector T cells, also called helper T (Th) cells, are the functional cells for executing
immune functions. Balanced immune responses can only be achieved by proper regulation …

Of all sites in the body, the lung is perhaps challenged by the greatest onslaught of microbial
pathogens, many of which would cause lethal infections if unopposed. The immune …

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are essential in initiation and execution of the acute
inflammatory response and subsequent resolution of fungal infection. PMNs, however, may …

Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is responsible for multiple airway
diseases of an allergic and a nonallergic nature. In a murine model of invasive pulmonary …

Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes multiple allergic and non-
allergic airway diseases. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a nonallergic, life …

In a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with
Aspergillus antigens induced the activation of CD4+ Th1 cells capable of conferring …

Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) were originally identified as critical in
maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. The immunosuppressive functions of …

Epidemiologic studies suggest that in utero exposure to tobacco smoke, primarily through
maternal smoking, increases the risk for asthma in children; however, the mechanism of this …

Aspergillus species cause a range of respiratory diseases in humans. While
immunocompromised patients are at risk for the development of invasive infection with these …

Efficient responses to fungi require different mechanisms of immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs)
are uniquely able to decode the fungus-associated information and translate it into …