Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of …

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the predominant pathologic protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The
production and deposition of Aβ are important factors affecting AD progression and …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates various activities
in eukaryotic cells. Especially important role calcium plays in excitable cells. Neurons …

Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for neuronal function and survival. Altered Ca2+
homeostasis has been consistently observed in neurological diseases. How Ca2+ …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) starts from pure cognitive impairments and gradually progresses
into degeneration of specific brain circuits. Although numerous factors initiating AD have …

Vitamin D may have multiple effects on the nervous system and its deficiency can represent
a possible risk factor for the development of many neurological diseases. Recent studies are …

S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that regulate several processes associated with
Alzheimer's disease (AD) but whose contribution and direct involvement in disease …

Synapse loss is the strongest correlate for cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. The
mechanisms underlying synapse loss have been extensively investigated using mouse …

Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCS) are morpho-functional
units, formed at the loci of close apposition of the ER-forming endomembrane and outer …

Iron, through its participation in oxidation/reduction processes, is essential for the
physiological function of biological systems. In the brain, iron is involved in the development …