Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriately elevated glucose
levels as a result of impaired pancreatic β cell function and insulin resistance. Extensive …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin
resistance in which oxidative stress is thought to be a primary cause. Considering that …

Context Novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like
peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide demonstrated substantially greater …

Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β‐cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose
concentrations, which oscillate pre‐and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in …

Background Although the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are quite capable of adapting
to both acute and chronic changes in metabolic demand, persistently high demand for …

The inability of pancreatic β-cells to make sufficient insulin to control blood sugar is a central
feature of the aetiology of most forms of diabetes. In this review we focus on the deleterious …

Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum is an oxidative process that relies on protein
disulfide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (ERO1). Over 30% of …

Obesity challenges lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The resulting glucolipotoxicity
causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, provoking the accumulation of immature …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the
secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The …

Our work is aimed at unraveling the role of the first-phase insulin secretion in the natural
history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its interrelationship with insulin resistance …