This review chapter describes the normal anatomy and function of the cerebrospinal venous
system, ultrasound diagnosis of obstructions in the system, and the clinical implications and …

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical and X-ray results of the Upper
Cervical Chiropractic care through the specific adjustments (corrections) of C1-C2 on …

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vascular
dysfunction (chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency; CCSVI) and the effects of …

Background: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is an extremely simple, non-invasive, and
cost-effective method with a neuroprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate the …

Color Doppler methodology to assess the vessel blood flow rate is based on the time
averaged velocity of the blood measured in the longitudinal plane and the cross sectional …

Introduction Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition
characterized by anomalies of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) and/or azygos veins with …

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether cerebral inflow and outflow abnormalities,
assessed by the means of a validated ultrasound model, could be associated with Sudden …

OBJECTIVES: Analysis of the incidence of Venous Compression Syndrome (VCS) with full
block of the flow of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by
demyelinating lesions with acute phases and progressive loss of sensori-motor functions …

Objectives Duplex sonography has been proposed as a diagnostic modality for detection of
chronic cerebrovascular venous insufficiency, a recently proposed hypothesis of multiple …