In patients with heart failure (HF), the neuroendocrine systems of the sympathetic nervous
system (SNS), the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the arginine …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor/inhibition (SGLTi), initially approved as a glucose-
lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes, is associated with decreased risks for many of the most …

Background and Aim: Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin have demonstrated favorable clinical
outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their comparative …

Background Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been suggested to
exert cardioprotective effects in patients with heart failure, possibly by improving the …

ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Elevated quantities of
blood glucose can lead to damage to blood vessels, resulting in complications associated …

Altered metabolic function has many detrimental effects on the body that can manifest as
cardiovascular and liver diseases. Traditional approaches to understanding and treating …

Considering the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of heart failure, using diuretics or
drugs with diuretic properties is indispensable for adequate management of heart failure …

Sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) transport glucose against its concentration gradient
by harnessing the electrochemical potential gradient of sodium ions. SGLT inhibitors are …

Purpose: Myocarditis is frequently a sporadic disease, but may also occur in the context of
genetic disorders which may increase susceptibility to cardiac inflammation. Cardiac …

Background: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the
senescence processes; reportedly, anti-senescence therapies effectively reduce EMT. Some …