Bone fractures are common in clinics and the demand for effective repair material is high.
Unfortunately, limited graft availability, donor site morbidities, unpredictable clinical …

Bioactive piezoelectric materials with similar properties as natural bone tissue with
piezoelectricity have been explored for bone repair. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is …

The invention of silica-based bioactive glass in the late 1960s has sparked significant
interest in exploring a wide range of silicon-containing biomaterials from the macroscale to …

Oxidative stress and hypoxia are two key biochemical factors in the development of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen gas (O2) are …

Tissue engineering and electrotherapy are two promising methods to promote tissue repair.
However, their integration remains an underexplored area, because their requirements on …

Bone defect repair remains a critical challenge in current orthopedic clinical practice, as the
available therapeutic strategies only offer suboptimal outcomes. Therefore, bone tissue …

Conjugated polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene have developed
as capable candidates for scaffold fabrication due to their electrical conductivity, tunable …

Piezoelectric materials implanted in vivo will be affected by physiological stress, leading to
the generation of dynamic piezoelectrical signals. The cells identify both piezoelectrical and …

Electrical stimulation (ES) has shown beneficial effects in repairing injured tissues. However,
current ES techniques that use tissuetraversing leads and bulky external power suppliers …

Bioartificial livers have showcased significant value in the treatment of acute liver failure
(ALF). Current efforts are directed toward overcoming challenges in the development of …