Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important for the occurrence of signaling molecules and
maintenance of microenvironment within the extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissues …

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant burden for countless individuals, inflicting relentless
pain and impairing their quality of life. Although traditional treatments for OA focus on pain …

Biomimetic delivery systems (BDSs), inspired by the intricate designs of biological systems,
have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in nanomedicine, offering unparalleled …

Abstract Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) is crucial for bone and cartilage tissue
regeneration, essential in medical tissue engineering, cosmetology, and aerospace …

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents an enduring and widespread global burden, causing
significant morbidity and disability, whose pathology is characterized by persistent …

Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important effector molecules that regulate
intercellular signaling pathways. Notably, certain types of exosomes can induce therapeutic …

Echinoderms (starfish, sea-urchins and their close relations) possess a unique type of
collagenous tissue that is innervated by the motor nervous system and whose mechanical …

Nanozymes represent a category of nano-biomaterial artificial enzymes distinguished by
their remarkable catalytic potency, stability, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and …

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) cultures do not fully reflect the human organs' physiology
and the real effectiveness of the used therapy. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) models …

Tissue engineering holds great potential for tissue repair and rejuvenation. Plant-derived
exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently emerged as a promising avenue in tissue …