For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied
with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral …

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) combine methods, approaches, and concepts derived from
neurophysiology, computer science, and engineering in an effort to establish real-time …

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that allows the use of brain
activity to control computers or other external devices. It can, by bypassing the peripheral …

Upon adequate stimulation, real-time maps of cortical hemodynamic responses can be
obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which noninvasively measures …

This year marks the 20th anniversary of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging
(fNIRS/fNIRI). As the vast majority of commercial instruments developed until now are based …

This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human
functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional …

In most daily activities related to work or leisure, the energy for muscle work substantially
comes from oxidative metabolism. Functional limitations or impairments of this metabolism …

Safe locomotion is a crucial aspect of human daily living that requires well-functioning motor
control processes. The human neuromotor control of daily activities such as walking relies …

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive method to measure brain
activities using the changes of optical absorption in the brain through the intact skull. fNIRS …

Functional photoacoustic imaging is a promising biological imaging technique that offers
such unique benefits as scalable resolution and imaging depth, as well as the ability to …