Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that has been associated with human
respiratory diseases. In humans, arsenic exposure has been associated with increased risk …

Background: Epidemiological studies on influenza have focused mostly on enhancing
vaccination coverage or promoting personal hygiene behavior. Few studies have …

Background Serological responses from influenza vaccination or infection are typically
measured by hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) or microneutralization (MN). Both methods are …

Il vaccino antinfluenzale Fluenz Tetra®(vaccino vivo attenuato quadrivalente, spray nasale,
in sospensione) sarà disponibile in Italia per la prevenzione e il controllo dell'influenza per …

The flu, often known as influenza, is a dangerous public health hazard for the pediatric
population. Immunization is essential for decreasing the burden of the disease and avoiding …

The influenza virus is one of a few viruses that is capable of rendering an otherwise healthy
person acutly bedridden for several days. This impressive knock-out effect, without …

The test-negative design has become the standard approach for assessing real-world
performance of vaccines against influenza, with increasing applications in studies of other …

Background Influenza challenge trials are important for vaccine efficacy testing. Currently,
disease severity is determined by self-reported scores to a list of symptoms which can be …

Background In 2009, a novel influenza A (pH1N1) was identified, resulting in a pandemic
with significant morbidity and mortality. A monovalent pH1N1 vaccine was separately …

In the not-too-distant past, influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was a simple concept. If the
vaccine and the viruses were a good match, then effectiveness was high. If not, then …