An obvious consequence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the worldwide
reduction in social interaction, which is associated with many adverse effects on health in …

Anxiety and fear are evolutionarily conserved emotions that increase the likelihood of an
organism surviving threatening situations. Anxiety and vigilance states are regulated by …

Background Emerging evidence shows that cognitive dysfunction may occur following
coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection which is one of the most common symptoms …

Disruption of circadian rhythms, such as shift work and jet lag, are associated with negative
physiological and behavioral outcomes, including changes in affective state, learning and …

Early-life stress has long-term impacts on the structure and function of the anterior cingulate
cortex (ACC), and raises the risk of adult neuropsychiatric disorders including social …

Background Social withdrawal in patients with depression can aggravate depressive
symptoms. However, few studies focus on the behavioral changes of social isolation after …

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) promote social brain functions
by releasing DA onto nucleus accumbens neurons, but it remains unclear how VTA neurons …

Social isolation (SI) is a major risk factor for mood disorders in adolescents. The nucleus
accumbens (NAc) is an important reward center implicated in psychiatric disorders …

Social isolation during the juvenile stage results in structural and functional impairment of
the brain and deviant adult aggression. However, the specific subregions and cell types that …

A variety of stressful experiences can influence the ability to form and subsequently inhibit
fear memory. While nonsocial stress can impact fear learning and memory throughout the …