Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting
cortisol biosynthesis. Reduced activity of an enzyme required for cortisol production leads to …

Advances in technology have allowed for the sensitive, specific, and simultaneous
quantitative profiling of steroid precursors, bioactive steroids and inactive metabolites …

Enzymes are complex biological catalysts and are critical to life. Most oxidations of
chemicals are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes, which generally utilize …

The adrenal gland is a source of sex steroid precursors, and its activity is particularly
relevant during fetal development and adrenarche. Following puberty, the synthesis of …

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are important in the metabolism of drugs, steroids, fat-
soluble vitamins, carcinogens, pesticides, and many other types of chemicals. Their catalytic …

Steroidogenesis, the processes by which cholesterol is converted to steroid hormones,
involves transport proteins, enzymes, redox partners and cofactors. Most steroidogenic …

There are 18 mammalian cytochrome P450 (CYP) families, which encode 57 genes in the
human genome. CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4 families contain far more genes than the other 15 …

Mitochondria are essential sites for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Mitochondria in the
steroidogenic cells of the adrenal, gonad, placenta and brain contain the cholesterol side …

Many oxidation–reduction (redox) enzymes, particularly oxygenases, have roles in reactions
that make and break C–C bonds. The list includes cytochrome P450 and other heme-based …

Significant advances have taken place in our knowledge of the enzymes involved in steroid
hormone biosynthesis since the last comprehensive review in 1988. Major developments …