Abstract The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently published a framework on
fairness, inclusion, and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations …

It is over sixty years since the first administration of human growth hormone (GH) to children
with GH deficiency, and over thirty years since recombinant human GH has been available …

Polygenic risk scores are emerging as a potentially powerful tool to predict future
phenotypes of target individuals, typically using unrelated individuals, thereby devaluing …

Objectives: To evaluate whether a fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in pregnant women
with overweight or obesity would influence the tendency of their 24-month-old children to …

Objectives The widespread variation seen in human growth globally stands at odds with the
global health perspective that young child growth should not vary across populations if …

Language is one of the cognitive domains often impaired across many neurodevelopmental
disorders. While for some disorders the linguistic deficit is the primary impairment (eg …

Context Like other complex phenotypes, human height reflects a combination of
environmental and genetic factors, but is notable for being exceptionally easy to measure …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify genetic variants associated with traits or
diseases. GWAS never directly link variants to regulatory mechanisms. Instead, the …

The World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards provide the most recognized and
widely accepted way of assessing child growth. To ensure its applicability, accuracy, and …

Public health practitioners and social scientists frequently compare height against one‐size‐
fits‐all standards of human growth to assess well‐being, deprivation, and disease risk …