The objective of this article is to review data from studies that used a reinstatement model in
rats to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking …

Relapse to drug use following abstinence is a significant impediment in the long-term
treatment of drug abuse and dependence. Conditioned stimuli are believed to be critically …

The conditioning of the pharmacological actions of cocaine with environmental stimuli is
thought to be a critical factor in the long-term addictive potential of this drug. Cocaine-related …

Cocaine and cocaine-associated cues elicit craving in addicts and reinstate cocaine-
seeking behavior in rats. Craving and cocaine-seeking behavior may be mediated by …

Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior after extinction constitutes a potential animal model
of relapse to drug abuse. In a typical reinstatement experiment, previously drug-trained rats …

The present study investigated the ability of drug-associated cues to reinstate extinguished
responding following an extended period of withdrawal from cocaine self-administration …

The neural substrates underlying relapse to drug-seeking behavior after chronic drug abuse
may differ from those underlying immediate drug-taking behavior. In a model of relapse to …

The conditioning of cocaine's pharmacological actions with environmental stimuli is thought
to be a critical factor in long-lasting relapse risk associated with cocaine addiction. To study …

Reinforcement of variability may help to explain operant learning. Three groups of rats were
reinforced, in different phases, whenever the following target sequences of left (L) and right …

The current study examined whether stimuli predictive of heroin availability were capable of
inducing a relapse of drug-seeking behavior in an operant runway task. Olfactory stimuli …