Cytokine signaling represents one of the cornerstones of the immune system, mediating the
complex responses required to facilitate appropriate immune cell development and function …

Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-
13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity …

Macrophages play a central role in the balance and efficiency of the immune response and
are at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Their phenotype is a delicate …

Cytokine and growth factor signaling mediates essential roles in the differentiation,
proliferation, survival and function of a number of cell lineages. This is achieved via specific …

Asthma affects nearly 300 million people worldwide. The majority respond to inhaled
corticosteroid treatment with or without beta-adrenergic agonists. However, a subset of 5 to …

Chronic airway diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and
their prevalence is predicted to increase in the future. Respiratory viruses are the most …

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins has a vital role
in the regulation of the immune system and resolution of inflammatory cascades. SOCS1 …

Background Rhinovirus infections are the dominant cause of asthma exacerbations, and
deficient virus induction of IFN-α/β/λ in asthmatic patients is important in asthma …

Influenza virus infections have a significant impact on global human health. Individuals with
suppressed immunity, or suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions such as COPD, are …

Macrophages are innate immune cells of dynamic phenotype that rapidly respond to
external stimuli in the microenvironment by altering their phenotype to respond to and to …