Understanding plant sex chromosomes involves studying interactions between
developmental and physiological genetics, genome evolution, and evolutionary ecology. We …

Background Dioecious plants have coevolved with diverse plant microbiomes, which are
crucial for the fitness and productivity of their host. Sexual dimorphism in morphology …

Transitions in the heterogamety of sex chromosomes (eg, XY to ZW or vice versa)
fundamentally alter the genetic basis of sex determination, however the details of these …

How do separate sexes originate and evolve? Plants provide many opportunities to address
this question as they have diverse mating systems and separate sexes (dioecy) that evolved …

The investigation of plant genomes is of great importance for basic research and practical
breeding. In 1977, F. Sanger proposed a DNA sequencing method, which allowed the …

Background Salicaceae species have diverse sex determination systems and frequent sex
chromosome turnovers. However, compared with poplars, the diversity of sex determination …

Distyly has evolved independently in numerous animal‐pollinated angiosperm lineages.
Understanding of its molecular basis has been restricted to a few species, primarily Primula …

Abstract Background Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a dioecious species with an XY sex
chromosome system, but its Y chromosome has not been fully characterized. Our knowledge …

The attention given to heteromorphism and genetic degeneration of “classical sex
chromosomes”(Y chromosomes in XY systems, and the W in ZW systems that were studied …

Populus species have long been used as model organisms to study the adaptability of trees
and the evolution of sex chromosomes. As a species belonging to the section Populus and …