The human sense of smell can accomplish astonishing feats, yet there remains a prevailing
belief that olfactory language is deficient. Numerous studies with English speakers support …

Sensorimotor information plays a fundamental role in cognition. However, the existing
materials that measure the sensorimotor basis of word meanings and concepts have been …

Humans live in a perceptual world. All of humanity's accomplishments, from agriculture to
space travel, depend on us being able to interact with the world through seeing, feeling …

The present article provides a narrative review on how language communicates sensory
information and how knowledge of sight and sound develops in individuals born deaf or …

Conceptual representations are perceptually grounded, but when investigating which
perceptual modalities are involved, researchers have typically restricted their consideration …

Researchers have suggested that the vocabularies of languages are oriented towards the
communicative needs of language users. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that the …

Grounded theories hold sensorimotor activation is critical to language processing. Such
theories have focused predominantly on the dominant senses of sight and hearing …

According to embodied theories (including embodied, embedded, extended, enacted,
situated, and grounded approaches to cognition), language representation is intrinsically …

Many words are strongly connected to the senses, such as vision, taste, and touch. In order
to facilitate research on language and the senses, large sets of linguistic stimuli and their …

Modality exclusivity norms have been developed in different languages for research on the
relationship between perceptual and conceptual systems. This paper sets up the first …