In this review, the clinical features of Parkinson's disease, both motor and non‐motor, are
described in the context of the progression of the disease. Also briefly discussed are the …

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are essential for modulating neurogenesis,
influencing synaptic remodeling, and regulating neuroinflammation by surveying the brain …

Parkinson's disease is a synucleinopathy that is characterized by motor dysfunction, death of
midbrain dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates …

With the growing awareness of the presence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
(PD) has come the realization that these non-motor features play a tremendously important …

Parkinson disease (PD) follows a defined clinical pattern, and a range of nonmotor
symptoms precede the motor phase. The predominant early nonmotor manifestations are …

Recent years have witnessed a revolution in our understanding of microglia biology,
including their major role in the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases …

Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) can precede onset of motor
symptoms. Relationship between premotor symptoms onset and motor features is limited …

Objective: To evaluate the association between diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and
risk factors or early symptoms amenable to population‐based screening. Methods: A …

Increasing recognition that Parkinson's disease (PD) may start outside of the substantia
nigra has led to a rapidly expanding effort to define prodromal stages of PD, before motor …

Background: Non‐motor symptoms are detrimental to health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)
of Parkinson's disease patients. In this study, the Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was …