Here we provide the updated version of the guidelines of the European Association for
Palliative Care (EAPC) on the use of opioids for the treatment of cancer pain. The update …

Intranasal administration is a non-invasive route for drug delivery, which is widely used for
the local treatment of rhinitis or nasal polyposis. Since drugs can be absorbed into the …

As a non-invasive route, intranasal administration offers patient comfort and compliance
which are hurdled in parenteral drug therapy. In addition, the current recognition that the …

Background This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews (Issue 1, 2006). Breakthrough pain is a transient …

Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) is an episode of severe pain that “breaks through” a
period of persistent pain at least partly controlled by a stable opioid regimen. Although …

Fentanyl was structurally designed by Paul Janssen in the early 1960s as a potent opioid
analgesic (100-fold more potent than morphine). It is a full agonist at μ-opioid receptors and …

Objective: The efficacy of intranasal fentanyl spray (INFS) was compared with that of oral
transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) for the relief of cancer-related breakthrough pain (BTP) …

This randomized, double-blind, crossover study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of a
new rapid onset nasal fentanyl formulation (Fentanyl Pectin Nasal Spray; FPNS) for …

This study involved 320 cancer patients from four Northern European countries. Patients
with breakthrough pain were questioned about the characteristics of their pain, the current …

Background: Despite the frequency of diabetes mellitus and its relationship to diabetic
peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and neuropathic pain (NeP), our understanding of underlying …