Asthma is a heterogeneous lung disease with variable phenotypes (clinical presentations)
and distinctive endotypes (mechanisms). Over the last decade, considerable efforts have …

CD4+ T cells are crucial for directing appropriate immune responses during host defense
and for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In addition to the classical biphasic …

Background As one of the main functional forms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-
derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have shown an alternative therapeutic option in …

Asthma and obesity are two epidemics affecting the developed world. The relationship
between obesity and both asthma and severe asthma appears to be weight-dependent …

Asthma is a complex respiratory disease that varies in severity and response to treatment.
Several asthma phenotypes with unique clinical and inflammatory characteristics have been …

Nearly a century after the significance of the human complement system was recognized, we
have come to realize that its functions extend far beyond the elimination of microbes …

The macrophage, a versatile cell type prominently involved in host defense and immunity,
assumes a distinct state of alternative activation in the context of polarized type 2 immune …

Asthma is a serious health and socioeconomic issue all over the world, affecting more than
300 million individuals. The disease is considered as an inflammatory disease in the airway …

Eosinophils can regulate local immune and inflammatory responses, and their accumulation
in the blood and tissue is associated with several inflammatory and infectious diseases …

Asthma has been considered a T helper 2 (TH2) cell-associated inflammatory disease, and
TH2-type cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, are thought to drive the …