Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in microbial evolution, allowing microbes to
acquire new genes and phenotypes. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, aka …

Bacterial conjugation is one of the main mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer. It
constitutes a key element in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes to …

The bacterial two-hybrid system based on the reconstitution of adenylate cyclase in
Escherichia coli (BACTH) was described 14years ago (Karimova, Pidoux, Ullmann, and …

Genetic exchange by conjugation is responsible for the spread of resistance, virulence, and
social traits among prokaryotes. Recent works unraveled the functioning of the underlying …

Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative and-positive bacteria employ type IV secretion
systems (T4SSs) to translocate DNA and protein substrates, generally by contact-dependent …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are large multisubunit translocons, found in both gram-
negative and gram-positive bacteria and in some archaea. These systems transport a …

Conjugation, the process by which plasmid DNA is transferred from one bacterium to
another, is mediated by type IV secretion systems (T4SSs). T4SSs are versatile systems that …

Abstract Type IV secretion (T4S) systems are versatile bacterial secretion systems mediating
transport of protein and/or DNA. T4S systems are generally composed of 11 VirB proteins …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse superfamily of
secretion systems found in many species of bacteria. Collectively, the T4SSs translocate …

Abstract The Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/VirD4 translocation machine is a member of a
superfamily of translocators designated as type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) that function in …