Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently described in multiple
sclerosis patients. CCSVI is characterized by impaired brain venous drainage due to outflow …

Background: despite major advances in immunology and molecular biology, Multiple
Sclerosis is poorly understood with regards to etiology and its immune trigger and causal …

PURPOSE: This study proposed to prospectively evaluate safety and clinical changes in
outpatient endovascular treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic …

Background: The pathologic consequences of inflammatory responses in chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) remains poorly understood. Hence, this study …

Objectives The traditional view that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease has
recently been challenged by the claim that MS is caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Background Recent evidence has indicated an association between chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis. Small internal jugular veins (IJVs)(with …

Objective: There is an on-going controversy about venous drainage abnormalities in
multiple sclerosis (MS). We applied cardiac-gated phase-contrast and venographic …

Objectives Duplex sonography has been proposed as a diagnostic modality for detection of
chronic cerebrovascular venous insufficiency, a recently proposed hypothesis of multiple …

Although the aetiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is unknown, genetic and environmental
factors including infectious agents may play a role in the development of this disease …

A provocative statement but chosen for a reason. The nature of debate is around the
definition or concept of epidemiology. August Hirsch in the 19 th century described it as the …