The glymphatic system is a brain-wide perivascular pathway driven by aquaporin-4 on the
endfeet of astrocytes, which can deliver nutrients and active substances to the brain …

Objectives Perivascular spaces have been involved in neuroinflammatory and
neurodegenerative diseases. Upon a certain size, these spaces can become visible on …

Traditionally, the meninges are described as 3 distinct layers, dura, arachnoid and pia. Yet,
the classification of the connective meningeal membranes surrounding the brain is based on …

Interstitial fluid (ISF) refers to the fluid between the parenchymal cells and along the
perivascular spaces (PVS). ISF plays a crucial role in delivering nutrients and clearing waste …

The glymphatic system plays a key role in the clearance of waste from the parenchyma, and
its dysfunction has been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex structure that facilitates nutrient delivery and
metabolic waste clearance, forms the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and supports fluid …

Background Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through brain perivascular spaces (PVSs) is
essential for the clearance of interstitial metabolic waste products whose accumulation and …

Introduction Diagnosis of dementia in the aging brain is confounded by the presence of
multiple pathologies. Mixed dementia (MX), a combination of Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

During long-duration spaceflight, astronauts experience headward fluid shifts and
expansion of the cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS). A major limitation to our …

Perivascular spaces in Alzheimer’s disease are associated with inflammatory, stress-related,
and hypertension biomarkers - PMC Back to Top Skip to main content NIH NLM Logo …