MENK, an endogenous opioid peptide has been reported to have many immunological and
antitumor activities. So far the detailed mechanisms of antitumor through regulating DCs by …

Early pioneering work in the field of biochemistry identified phosphorylation as a crucial post-
translational modification of proteins with the ability to both indicate and arbitrate complex …

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sulfated polysaccharide from red seaweed
Solieria filiformis (Fraction F II) in the inflammatory hypernociception in the …

Molecular hybridization is a recent strategy based on the covalent fusion of two or more
pharmacophores to create a single molecule with multiple mechanisms of action, which …

A number of parental experiences, even when occurring prior to conception, have been
shown to induce transgenerational effects beyond the first generation. In the case of …

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is an important brain area, in which 5-HTergic
neurons play key roles in descending pain modulation. It has been proposed that opioid …

Morphine is the most widely used compound among narcotic analgesics and remains the
gold standard when the effects of other analgetic drugs are compared. The most …

Opioids, like morphine, are the mainstay analgesics for the treatment and control of pain.
Despite this, they often exhibit severe side effects that limit dose; patients often become …

The endogenous opioid system plays a crucial role in stress-induced analgesia. Mu-opioid
receptors (MORs), one of the major opioid receptors, are expressed widely in …

Biphalin, one of the opioid agonists, is a dimeric analog of enkephalin with a high affinity for
opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in …