Reference electrodes are used in almost every electroanalytical measurement. Here, all-
solid-state reference electrodes are described that employ colloid-imprinted mesoporous …

Liquid-junction-free reference electrodes that contact the sample through an ionic-liquid-
doped, hydrophobic polymer membrane have attracted attention because they offer an …

Solid‐contact reference electrodes that comprise a polymeric reference membrane doped
with an ionic liquid are an alternative to conventional reference electrodes with a salt bridge …

Many reference electrodes with an ionic liquid-doped reference membrane contain a
plasticizer that can gradually leach out into the sample. However, because many common …

Reference electrodes with hydrophobic ion-doped polymeric membranes offer a promising
alternative to reference electrodes with conventional salt bridges. This letter introduces the …

Careful experiments were done with isotonic and hypertonic electrolytes in reference
electrodes as well as with different forms of accurately making the liquid junction (open …

Potentiometric sensors, comprising ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and reference electrodes,
are a large subgroup of electrochemical ion sensors. In view of affordable and portable …

The focus of this dissertation is on two main topics: the development of chemical sensors
with reduced biofouling for applications in biological samples (Chapter I–II), and the …

The research presented in this thesis is focused on the development and use of ion-
selective electrodes (ISEs) in harsh conditions, such as measurements in organic solvents …

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are widely used as important, analytical tools to determine
the concentration of a broad range of ions for clinical analysis. As a potentiometric sensor …