Highlights•Recent advances for microbial HMO synthesis are described.•Key challenges in
representative HMO production are highlighted.•Further perspectives in general HMO …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), a group of structurally diverse unconjugated glycans
in breast milk, act as important prebiotics and have plenty of unique health effects for …

Human milk oligosaccharides are complex, indigestible oligosaccharides that provide ideal
nutrition for infant development. Here, 2′-fucosyllactose was efficiently produced in …

2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In this
study, a highly efficient biosynthetic route for 2′-FL production was designed via the de …

With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, microbial cell
factories (MCFs) have provided an efficient and sustainable method to synthesize a series of …

Concerns regarding food security arise from population growth, global warming, and
reduction in arable land. With advances in synthetic biology, food production by microbes is …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have unique beneficial effects for infants and are
considered as the new gold standard for premium infant formula. They are a collection of …

Abstract Fucosyllactoses (FL), including 2′‐fucosyllactose (2′‐FL) and 3‐fucosyllactose
(3‐FL), have garnered considerable interest for their value in newborn formula and …

Lacto-N-triose (LNT II) and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)
with various potential functions for infants. HMO production by Escherichia coli fermentation …

2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is vital for the growth and development of newborns. In this
study, we developed a synthesis pathway for 2′-FL in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Then …