This target article examines the clinical and experimental evidence for a role of peripheral
and central hyperexcitability in persistent pain in four key areas: cutaneous hyperalgesia …

The effectiveness of an intra-articular injection of bupivacaine, administered before the
incision or after closure of the wound, was studied in an effort to decrease the need for …

Peripheral afferent neuronal barrage from tissue injury produces central nervous system
hyperexcitability which may contribute to increased postoperative pain. Blockade of afferent …

Background To determine the mechanisms of postoperative pain, the effects of local
anesthesia on development and maintenance of surgical incision-induced hyperalgesia …

General anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) evolved on separate tracks. Procedures
that could not be performed under LA were typically conducted under GA. Decoding of …

Basic scientific evidence suggests that an analgesic intervention made before surgery will
produce a better outcome than the same intervention made after surgery. The evidence from …

Although postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is less intense
than that after open surgery, postoperative morbidity nonetheless increases with LC. The …

D espite intense research in the last 2 decades and exciting new revelations in the
physiology and pharmacology of nociception, it remains a common misconception among …

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in
otolaryngology. Pain is a significant aspect of post‐operative patient morbidity. The use of …

OFFICE-BASED SURGICAL PRO-cedures account for up to 25% of all elective surgical
procedures performed in the United States. 1 Ambulatory surgical procedures now make up …