During aging, body adiposity increases with changes in the metabolism of lipids and their
metabolite levels. Considering lipid metabolism, excess adiposity with increased lipotoxicity …

Embraced with apolipoproteins (Apo) B and Apo E, triglyceride-enriched very-low-density
lipoprotein (VLDL) is secreted by the liver into circulation, mainly during post-meal hours …

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid, synthetized by sphingosine
kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2), that affects cardiovascular function in various ways. S1P …

The immune system protects the body against harm by inducing inflammation. During the
immune response, cells of the immune system get activated, divided and differentiated in …

As an important NAD+-dependent enzyme, SIRT6 has received significant attention since its
discovery. In view of observations that SIRT6-deficient animals exhibit genomic instability …

The accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the arterial wall plays a pivotal role in
the initiation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Conversely, the removal of cholesterol …

Natural products possess pleiotropic cardiovascular protective effects owing to their anti-
oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-thrombotic properties. Kaempferol,(3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2 …

Abstract Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is one of the most important physiological barriers strictly
restricting the substance exchange between blood and brain tissues. While the BBB protects …

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family includes LDLR, very LDLR, and
LDL receptor–related proteins (LRPs) such as LRP1, LRP1b (aka LRP-DIT), LRP2 (aka …

Macrophages are crucial in the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD). In the atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages play a central role in maintaining …