Cash transfers have been shown to improve birth outcomes by improving maternal nutrition,
increasing healthcare use, and reducing stress. Most of the evidence focuses on programs …

Whether maternal macro-environmental chemical fertilizer exposure has an association with
the risk of preterm birth remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association …

Objective Access to clean and affordable water is a significant public health issue globally,
in the U nited S tates, and in C alifornia where land is heavily used for agriculture and dairy …

Foods are the mixture of substances that are either in the form of solid or liquid and are
consumed by human being for their nutritional benefits. Food additives are defined as the …

Background Nitrate contamination is seen in drinking water worldwide. Nitrate may pass the
placental barrier. Despite suggestive evidence of fetal harm, the potential association …

The high rates of chronic disease and health inequalities experienced by rural populations
have made rural health a research priority for the NIH, including the NCI (1–5). Cancer …

This study was designed to investigate the effect of sodium nitrate as oxidant agent on
hepatic function of adult male rats, as well as the possible protective role of vitamin E and …

Purpose No studies have investigated if drinking water nitrate affects human fecundity.
Experimental studies point at detrimental effects on fetal development and on female and …

Background Perchlorate and similar anions compete with iodine for uptake into the thyroid
by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). This may restrict fetal growth via impaired thyroid …

Abstract The most recent Integrated Risk Information System review of trichloroethylene
(TCE; CAS# 79-01-6) has suggested that congenital heart defects (CHD) are a critical …