Adaptive genetic variation has been thought to originate primarily from either new mutation
or standing variation. Another potential source of adaptive variation is adaptive variants from …

Natural variants of crops are generated from wild progenitor plants under both natural and
human selection. Diverse crops that are able to adapt to various environmental conditions …

Summary Northern East Asia was inhabited by modern humans as early as 40 thousand
years ago (ka), as demonstrated by the Tianyuan individual. Using genome-wide data …

The past fifty years have seen the development and application of numerous statistical
methods to identify genomic regions that appear to be shaped by natural selection. These …

Searching for genetic variants with unusual differentiation between subpopulations is an
established approach for identifying signals of natural selection. However, existing methods …

Bottlenecks in population size can reduce fitness and evolutionary potential, yet introduced
species often become invasive. This poses a dilemma referred to as the genetic paradox of …

Organisms can often adapt surprisingly quickly to evolutionary challenges, such as the
application of pesticides or antibiotics, suggesting an abundant supply of adaptive genetic …

Lactase persistence—the ability of adults to digest the lactose in milk—varies widely in
frequency across human populations. This trait represents an adaptation to the …

The indigenous people of Greenland, the Inuit, have lived for a long time in the extreme
conditions of the Arctic, including low annual temperatures, and with a specialized diet rich …

Traditionally, the process of domestication is assumed to be initiated by humans, involve few
individuals and rely on reproductive isolation between wild and domestic forms. We …