The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ”
composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells …

Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a
low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to …

Approximately 75% of all breast cancers express the oestrogen and/or progesterone
receptors. Endocrine therapy is usually effective in these hormone-receptor-positive …

Several immune and immunocompetent cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages,
adipocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells, are significantly correlated with the …

Rates of obesity and diabetes have increased significantly over the past decades and the
prevalence is expected to continue to rise further in the coming years. Many observations …

Inflammation is an essential immune response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In
a general sense, acute and chronic inflammation are different types of adaptive response …

Obesity and associated chronic inflammation were shown to facilitate breast cancer (BC)
growth and metastasis. Leptin, adiponectin, estrogen, and several pro-inflammatory …

Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and
metastasis through various mechanisms and is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer and …

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant breast tumor confronted with high invasion, metastasis
and recurrence rate, and adipocytes are the largest components in breast tissue. The …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major contributor to cancer malignancy including
development of therapeutic resistance, a process mediated in part through intercellular …