Due to direct contact with aquatic environment, mucosal surfaces of teleost fish are
continuously exposed to a vast number of pathogens and also inhabited by high densities of …

The understanding of the functions of the immune system needs a fundament of solid
anatomical knowledge. The construction and arrangement of the different components of the …

The C-type lectin receptor–Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase) adaptor CARD9 facilitates protective
antifungal immunity within the central nervous system (CNS), as human deficiency in …

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and
adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics of mucosal …

Fish are the most diverse and widely distributed vertebrates, yet little is known about the
microbial ecology of fishes nor the biological and environmental factors that influence fish …

Cadmium (Cd)-caused water environment pollution has become a matter of concern. Gill is
an organ with respiratory and mucosal immune functions, and is also one of the organs …

In the last three decades, the aquaculture sector has experienced a 527% growth, producing
82 million tons for a first sale value estimated at 250 billion USD. Infectious diseases caused …

Gill disease of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the marine environment has emerged
as a significant problem for the salmon aquaculture industry. Different types of marine …

Tilapia tilapinevirus (also known as tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is considered to be a new threat
to the global tilapia industry. The objective of this study was to develop simple cell culture …

The zebrafish is extensively used as an animal model for human and fish diseases.
However, our understanding of the structural organization of its immune system remains …