Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a complex and multifactorial disease process that
employs Th2 cell-mediated immunologic processes, which involves the overexpression of …

The epithelial barrier represents the point of contact between the host and the external
environment. It is the first line of defense against external insults in the skin, gastrointestinal …

The epithelial barrier serves as a critical defense mechanism separating the human body
from the external environment, fulfilling both physical and immune functions. This barrier …

Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a
crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against …

Ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are significant causes of ocular morbidity, and are often
associated with chronic inflammation, redness, irritation, discomfort, and pain. In severe …

Historically, the classification of ocular allergies (OA) includes seasonal (SAC) and
perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic …

The nasal cavity is an important site of allergen entry. Hence, it represents an organ where
trans-epithelial allergen penetration and subsequent IgE-mediated allergic inflammation can …

Air pollution and immune‐related diseases including allergy and asthma are constantly on
the rise worldwide. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of environmentally induced …

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the common immune hypersensitivity disorders that affect the
ocular system. The clinical manifestations of this condition exhibit variability contingent upon …

Atmospheric pollution has been demonstrated to be associated with ocular surface diseases
characterized by corneal epithelial damage, including impaired barrier function and …