Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To provide …

Study Design. Systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized comparative studies.
Objective. To summarize the literature examining comparative effectiveness and economic …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

BACKGROUND: Regenerative medicine is a medical subspecialty that seeks to recruit and
enhance the body's own inherent healing armamentarium in the treatment of patient …

Background: Among the many diagnostic and therapeutic interventions available for the
management of chronic pain, epidural steroid injections are one of the most commonly used …

The value equation as defined for health care is a global concept with patient value at its
center. As part of the equation, the outcome numerator is related not to process measures or …

OBJECTIVE Systematic multidisciplinary approaches to improving quality and safety in
complex surgical care have shown promise. Complication rates from complex spine surgery …

BACKGROUND: Cost utility or cost effective analysis continues to take center stage in the
United States for defining and measuring the value of treatments in interventional pain …

Background: In this era of escalating health care costs and the questionable effectiveness of
multiple interventions, cost effectiveness or cost utility analysis has become the cornerstone …

Background Related to escalating health care costs and the questionable effectiveness of
multiple interventions including lumbar facet joint interventions, cost effectiveness or cost …