Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is improving worldwide. Immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication of ART initiation. In this review, we …

Tuberculosis (TB), smoking, HIV and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
burgeoning epidemics in developing countries. The link between TB and HIV is well …

The aim of these guidelines is to describe a practical but evidence-based approach to the
diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system tuberculosis in children and adults. We …

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has emerged as an important early
complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, especially in …

Host-directed therapies are a relatively new and promising approach to treatment of
tuberculosis. Modulation of specific host immune pathways, including those that impact …

Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease (LRD) is a life-
threatening complication in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Lymphopenia …

Both the urine LAM and PCR for mycobacterial DNA are being evaluated in different
geographical settings. Urine LAM currently offers little utility for the diagnosis of tuberculosis …

Abstract Purpose of Review: Neurologic complications of HIV infection are unfortunately
common, even in the era of effective antiretroviral treatment (ART). The consulting …

Rationale: Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB–
IRIS) induced by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been attributed to …

Autoimmune disease (AD) is one of the emerging noncommunicable diseases. Remission is
a possibility in AD, but current treatment strategies are not able to achieve this. We have well …