Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising localized cancer treatment modality. It has been
used successfully to treat a range of dermatological conditions with comparable efficacy to …

The detection of cancer biomarkers in histological samples and blood is of paramount
importance for clinical diagnosis. Current methods are limited in terms of sensitivity …

The second near-infrared (NIR II) response photon up-conversion (UC) materials show great
application prospects in the fields of biology and optical communication. However, it is still …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals enable anti-Stokes emission with pump
intensities several orders of magnitude lower than required by conventional nonlinear …

A facile approach for preparation of photoluminescent (PL) carbon dots (CDs) is reported.
The three resulting CDs emit bright and stable red, green and blue (RGB) colors of …

Luminescence-based techniques continue to attract considerable attention due not only to
their current range of applications but also to their wide potential in the fields of optical …

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess the remarkable ability to
convert multiple near-infrared (NIR) photons into higher energy ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) …

Lanthanides refer to the 15 elements located at the sixth period and IIIB group in the periodic
table, ranging from lanthanum to lutetium, with the electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f n–1 5d …

This article gives an overview of the various kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) that are widely
used for purposes of fluorescent imaging, mainly of cells and tissues. Following an …

Fluorescent bioimaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) can probe deep tissue
with minimum auto‐fluorescence and tissue scattering. However, current NIR‐II fluorophore …