The study of pain in awake animals raises ethical, philosophical, and technical problems.
We review the ethical standards for studying pain in animals and emphasize that there are …

The flexion or flexor reflex (FR) recorded in the lower limbs in humans (LLFR) is a widely
investigated neurophysiological tool. It is a polysynaptic and multisegmental spinal …

Multireceptive neurones are found in the spinal dorsal horn and may be projection neurones
and/or interneurones for polysynaptic reflexes. The cutaneous receptive field of a …

114 Biol Res 28: 113-125 (1995) controls may play a physiological role in the detection of
nociceptive signals. It is proposed that DNIC constitute both a filter which allows the …

METHODS: Intragastric pressure and/or waves of gastric contraction in rats were recorded
by intrapyloric balloon and changes of gastric motility induced by acupuncture stimulation …

This study was designed to estimate and compare nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of
cutaneous heat-sensitive C-fibres obtained using two methods. The first is a method based …

We describe audible and ultrasonic vocalization elicited in rats by a short electrical pulse
applied to the tail. Three types of vocal emissions were recorded:(1)'peep', characterized by …

Background and aims. Experimental pain models based on single stimuli have to some
degree limited visceral pain studies in humans. Hence, the aim of this study was to …

While most conscious patients with severe intraabdominal injuries (IAI) will usually present
with either abdominal pain or tenderness, there is a small group of awake and alert patients …

Gozariu, Manuela, Dominique Bragard, Jean-Claude Willer, and Daniel Le Bars. Temporal
summation of C-fiber afferent inputs: competition between facilitatory and inhibitory effects …