Cognitive dysfunction is linked to chronic low-grade inflammatory stress that contributes to
cell-mediated immunity in creating an oxidative environment. Food is a vitally important …

The factor that is most relevant and strongly associated with the clinical course of multiple
sclerosis is chronological age. Very young patients exclusively have relapsing remitting …

Ageing is a global burden. Increasing age is associated with increased incidence of
infections and cancer and decreased vaccine efficacy. This increased morbidity observed …

There is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and
spinal cord. Inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are …

Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage to macromolecules and cell
architecture that triggers a proinflammatory state in blood and solid tissues, termed …

Microglia respond to CNS injuries and diseases with complex reactions, often called
“activation.” A pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called classical or M1 activation) lies at one …

Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the
central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is …

Background Disease-associated-microglia (DAM) represent transcriptionally-distinct and
neurodegeneration-specific microglial profiles with unclear significance in Alzheimer's …

Activation of the peripheral immune system elicits a coordinated response from the central
nervous system. Key to this immune to brain communication is that glia, microglia, and …

This review summarises the evidence that chronic low grade inflammation triggers changes
that contribute to the mental and physical ill health of patients with major depression …