Although these conditions are rare, a proportion of patients with interstitial lung diseases
(ILDs) may develop a progressive-fibrosing phenotype. Progressive fibrosis is associated …

Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disease in terms of presentation, duration, and severity. Due
to this heterogeneity, it is difficult to align treatment decisions. Biomarkers have proved to be …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by tissue
infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes and associated non-caseating granuloma …

Purpose. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology. Many
clinical presentations have been reported, and acute disease needs to be distinguished …

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. A minority of
patients with sarcoidosis develop sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (SAPF), which …

Despite more than a century of research, the causative agent (s) in sarcoidosis, a
heterogeneous granulomatous disorder mainly affecting the lungs, remain (s) elusive …

Circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) is increased in various inflammatory conditions. The
human SAA protein family comprises the acute phase SAA1/SAA2, known to activate a large …

Introduction: The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is not yet completely understood, although in
recent years our knowledge has made considerable progress. Areas covered: This review …

Background Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients
with systemic sarcoidosis. Steroid-sparing agents are increasingly used, despite a lack of …

Unraveling of the HLA-related immunogenetic basis of several immune disorders is complex
due to the extensive HLA polymorphism and strong linkage-disequilibrium between HLA …